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Table 4 Estimation results of a multilevel regression model to explain self-rated health Dependent variable: self-rated health (standardized)a

From: How does area-level deprivation depress an individual’s self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan

  Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Coef. SE Coef. SE Coef. SE
Municipality-level deprivation
 Moderate    −0.06* (0.02) −0.05* (0.02)
 High    −0.05* (0.02) −0.05* (0.02)
Individual-level
 Income poverty 0.21*** (0.03)    −0.21*** (0.03)
 Lowest educational attainment −0.22*** (0.05)    −0.22*** (0.05)
 Unemployed −0.27*** (0.05)    −0.27*** (0.05)
 Having no spouse −0.15*** (0.02) −0.17*** (0.02) −0.15*** (0.02)
 Female 0.02 (0.02) 0.01 (0.02) 0.02 (0.02)
 Age: 30–39 years −0.19*** (0.03) −0.17*** (0.03) −0.19*** (0.03)
 Age: 40–69 years −0.40*** (0.03) −0.39*** (0.03) −0.40*** (0.03)
 Age: 50–59 years −0.53*** (0.03) −0.52*** (0.03) −0.53*** (0.03)
 Age: 60 or above −0.41*** (0.03) −0.39*** (0.03) −0.41*** (0.03)
 Surveyed in 2020 0.01 (0.02) 0.01 (0.02) 0.01 (0.02)
  1. N = 12,461 (in 366 municipalities)
  2. a The higher, the poorer
  3. *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05