How does area-level deprivation depress an individual’s self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan

Table 5 Estimated association of municipality-level deprivation with self-rated satisfaction and life satisfaction: multilevel regression models^a

Dependent variable	Self-rated heath^b		Life satisfaction^c
Municipality-level deprivation	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE
z-scoring method
Moderate	− 0.05^*	(0.02)	− 0.06^**	(0.02)
High	−0.05^*	(0.02)	−0.05^*	(0.02)
PCA^d method
First and second components
Moderate	−0.04	(0.02)	−0.09^***	(0.02)
High	−0.05^*	(0.02)	−0.06^**	(0.02)
First component
Moderate	−0.01	(0.02)	−0.00	(0.02)
High	−0.06^**	(0.02)	−0.05^*	(0.02)
Second component
Moderate	0.01	(0.03)	−0.03	(0.03)
High	0.01	(0.02)	−0.02	(0.03)

N = 12,461 (in 366 municipalities)
^a Controlled for individual-level deprivation and covariates (not reported)
^b The higher, the better. Standardized
^c The higher, the more satisfied. Standardized. ^d Principal component analysis
^*** p < 0.001, ^** p < 0.01, ^* p < 0.05

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