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Table 8 Estimation results for each health behaviora

From: How does area-level deprivation depress an individual’s self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan

  Self-rated healthb, c Life satisfactionb, d
  (SE)   (SE)
Association with self-rated health (γ1)
 Eating a balanced diet 0.40*** (0.02) 0.39*** (0.02)
 Exercising 0.36*** (0.02) 0.27*** (0.02)
 Getting enough sleep 0.32*** (0.02) 0.38*** (0.02)
 Refraining from smoking 0.13*** (0.02) 0.15*** (0.02)
 Refraining from excess alcohol consumption 0.11*** (0.02) 0.18*** (0.02)
 Avoiding the accumulation of stress 0.27*** (0.02) 0.40*** (0.02)
 Going for regular checkups 0.08*** (0.02) 0.26*** (0.02)
Association with high deprivatione (β12)
 Eating a balanced diet −0.02 (0.01) −0.02 (0.01)
 Exercising −0.03** (0.01) −0.03** (0.01)
 Getting enough sleep −0.03** (0.01) −0.03** (0.01)
 Refraining from smoking −0.00 (0.01) −0.00 (0.01)
 Refraining from excess alcohol consumption 0.00 (0.01) 0.00 (0.01)
 Avoiding the accumulation of stress −0.01 (0.01) −0.01 (0.01)
 Going for regular checkups −0.01 (0.01) −0.01 (0.01)
Moderating effect on the impact of high deprivation (β12γ1)
 Eating a balanced diet −0.008 (0.005) −0.007 (0.004)
 Exercising −0.011** (0.004) −0.008** (0.003)
 Getting enough sleep −0.009** (0.004) −0.010** (0.004)
 Refraining from smoking 0.000 (0.001) 0.000 (0.002)
 Refraining from excess alcohol consumption 0.000 (0.001) 0.001 (0.002)
 Avoiding the accumulation of stress −0.003 (0.003) − 0.004 (0.004)
 Going for regular checkups −0.001 (0.001) −0.002 (0.003)
  1. a Controlled for individual-level covariates (not reported)
  2. b Standardized
  3. c The higher, the better
  4. d The higher, the more satisfied
  5. e Derived by the z-scoring method
  6. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01