Table 1 Study Population Characteristics at Enrollment Visit by STI Status
|
All (n = 3544) |
No STI diagnosis (n = 3271) |
STI diagnosis (n = 273) | p-value | |
| HIV status | 0.30 | |||
| PLWH | 2931 (100.0%) | 2699 (92.1%) | 232 (7.9%) | |
| People without HIV | 613 (100.0%) | 572 (93.3%) | 41 (6.7%) | |
| Study site | < 0.001 | |||
| Kayunga, Uganda | 639 (100.0%) | 503 (78.7%) | 136 (21.3%) | |
| South Rift Valley, Kenya | 1232 (100.0%) | 1176 (95.5%) | 56 (4.5%) | |
| Kisumu West, Kenya | 631 (100.0%) | 620 (98.3%) | 11 (1.7%) | |
| Mbeya, Tanzania | 663 (100.0%) | 621 (93.7%) | 42 (6.3%) | |
| Abuja & Lagos Nigeria | 379 (100.0%) | 351 (92.6%) | 28 (7.4%) | |
| Age at enrollment (years) | < 0.001 | |||
| 18–29 | 711 (100.0%) | 641 (90.2%) | 70 (9.8%) | |
| 30–39 | 1215 (100.0%) | 1109 (91.3%) | 106 (8.7%) | |
| 40–49 | 1063 (100.0%) | 987 (92.9%) | 76 (7.1%) | |
| 50+ | 555 (100.0%) | 534 (96.2%) | 21 (3.8%) | |
| Education | 0.002 | |||
| Primary or below | 2004 (100.0%) | 1825 (91.1%) | 179 (8.9%) | |
| Secondary or above | 1540 (100.0%) | 1446 (93.9%) | 94 (6.1%) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 1484 (100.0%) | 1425 (96.0%) | 59 (4.0%) | |
| Female | 2060 (100.0%) | 1846 (89.6%) | 214 (10.4%) | |
| Marital status | 0.004 | |||
| Not married | 1451 (100.0%) | 1317 (90.8%) | 134 (9.2%) | |
| Married | 2093 (100.0%) | 1954 (93.4%) | 139 (6.6%) | |
| Used condom at last sex with regular partner | < 0.001 | |||
| No regular partner | 981 (100.0%) | 898 (91.5%) | 83 (8.5%) | |
| Used a condom | 1590 (100.0%) | 1503 (94.5%) | 87 (5.5%) | |
| Did not use a condom | 916 (100.0%) | 816 (89.1%) | 100 (10.9%) | |
| Missing | 57 (100.0%) | 54 (94.7%) | 3 (5.3%) | |
| Used condom at last sex with casual partner | 0.020 | |||
| No casual partner | 3092 (100.0%) | 2850 (92.2%) | 242 (7.8%) | |
| Used a condom | 279 (100.0%) | 266 (95.3%) | 13 (4.7%) | |
| Did not use a condom | 118 (100.0%) | 103 (87.3%) | 15 (12.7%) | |
| Missing | 55 (100.0%) | 52 (94.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | |
| Current number of sexual partners | 0.24 | |||
| No sexual partners | 863 (100.0%) | 786 (91.1%) | 77 (8.9%) | |
| One sexual partner | 2138 (100.0%) | 1985 (92.8%) | 153 (7.2%) | |
| Two or more sexual partners | 485 (100.0%) | 445 (91.8%) | 40 (8.2%) | |
| Missing | 58 (100.0%) | 55 (94.8%) | 3 (5.2%) | |
| Early sexual debut | 0.042 | |||
| > 16 years at first sex | 1998 (100.0%) | 1858 (93.0%) | 140 (7.0%) | |
| ≤ 16 years at first sex | 1440 (100.0%) | 1312 (91.1%) | 128 (8.9%) | |
| Missing | 106 (100.0%) | 101 (95.3%) | 5 (4.7%) | |
| Consume alcohol | 0.77 | |||
| No | 2827 (100.0%) | 2611 (92.4%) | 216 (7.6%) | |
| Yes | 716 (100.0%) | 659 (92.0%) | 57 (8.0%) | |
| Missing | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Recreational drug use | 0.024 | |||
| No | 3438 (100.0%) | 3167 (92.1%) | 271 (7.9%) | |
| Yes | 105 (100.0%) | 103 (98.1%) | 2 (1.9%) | |
| Missing | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Depression a | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 2872 (100.0%) | 2679 (93.3%) | 193 (6.7%) | |
| Yes | 672 (100.0%) | 592 (88.1%) | 80 (11.9%) | |
| HIV-related characteristics (among PLWH only) | ||||
|
All (n = 2915) |
No STI diagnosis (n = 2683) |
STI diagnosis (n = 232) | p-value | |
| Missed days of ART doses in past month | < 0.001 | |||
| On ART, no days missed | 1736 (100.0%) | 1655 (95.3%) | 81 (4.7%) | |
| On ART, one or more days missed | 280 (100.0%) | 261 (93.2%) | 19 (6.8%) | |
| Not on ART | 899 (100.0%) | 767 (85.3%) | 132 (14.7%) | |
| Stigma b | 0.24 | |||
| No | 2581 (100.0%) | 2381 (92.3%) | 200 (7.7%) | |
| Yes | 334 (100.0%) | 302 (90.4%) | 32 (9.6%) | |
| Viral suppression | < 0.001 | |||
| On ART, vl < 200 copies/mL | 1551 (100.0%) | 1487 (95.9%) | 64 (4.1%) | |
| On ART, vl ≥ 200 copies/mL | 465 (100.0%) | 429 (92.3%) | 36 (7.7%) | |
| Not on ART | 899 (100.0%) | 767 (85.3%) | 132 (14.7%) | |